Nobel Prize and AI Insights from Professor Guoping Qiu image3


On 8 October, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to scientists John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for their work in machine learning and artificial neural networks, elevating discussions about artificial intelligence (AI) to new heights.

As a globally renowned expert in AI and image processing, Professor Guoping Qiu, one of the world's top 2% of scientists and Vice Provost for Education and Student Experience at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC), addressed public interests, explaining the relationship between artificial neural networks and physics, and their landmark significance for the development of AI. He also shared his personal experiences in applying artificial neural networks to research in a recent interview.

Professor Qiu is one of the earliest scholars to successfully apply artificial neural networks to image processing. In 1991, he published his first academic paper, using the Hopfield artificial neural network model to address compression issues in image processing. This technique reduces the amount of image data without significantly affecting image quality. It is a crucial technology in today's information age.

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"Without it, many of the familiar and commonplace tools for daily life and entertainment, such as digital photography and social media, would not exist," explained Professor Qiu. Since then, he has been committed to researching and developing neural networks and machine learning technologies to address technical challenges in image processing.

In 2000, Professor Qiu began researching high dynamic range (HDR) digital photography technology, tackling a technical challenge in digital photography that remains unresolved. "My research aims to make the presentation of photos consistent with what the human eye captures."

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Since 2002, Professor Qiu has led his team in pioneering an optimisation-based HDR tone mapping algorithm using artificial neural networks and other technologies. This work has significantly advanced HDR photography techniques and applications, earning numerous international awards. Currently, his team is researching the application of large multimodal neural network models to address this challenge.

At present, Professor Qiu is leading a research team at UNNC to explore new applications of AI. "In line with 'Good Health and Well-being', one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, we have developed a deep neural network model to automatically predict the 'beautifulness score' and 'happiness score' of natural images, helping to promote mental health." Compared to other applications, there is relatively little research on using AI to improve human mental health, but this is an important direction, according to Professor Qiu.

"AI has developed to a level previously unimaginable," said Professor Qiu. "The computers, smartphones, and smartwatches we use today all rely on the von Neumann architecture." However, compared to the von Neumann architecture, which excels in computing power, the human brain has three key advantages: automatic error correction, multi-threaded parallel processing, and autonomous learning capabilities.

Can computers think like humans? Since Alan Turing, the father of AI, first introduced the idea of a "thinking machine" in the 1950s, researchers have proposed various models and algorithms.

"Artificial neural networks can be simply understood as computer models that simulate the neural networks of the brain," explained Professor Qiu. "Over the past 70 years, many scientists and researchers have made outstanding contributions to this field. Today, modern neural network systems, particularly those represented by deep learning, have reached an advanced level and are the driving force behind the current wave of AI."

"Professor Hinton is a globally renowned expert in AI, especially deep learning. His many groundbreaking works have played a foundational role in driving today's AI revolution," said Professor Qiu. "However, Professor Hopfield's name has rarely appeared in recent discussions about AI."

Why was the Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Professor Hopfield? Professor Qiu explained that in 1982, Professor Hopfield proposed an innovative neural network model—the "Hopfield Network Model"—which could mimic human associative memory capabilities. He later implemented the model using analogue circuits, bringing AI discussions to a new peak. Professor Qiu's first related research paper applied the optimisation capabilities of the Hopfield Network Model. "The implementation of this model utilises the concept of 'energy function' from physics."

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"Professors Hopfield and Hinton have made significant contributions to the development of neural networks, and receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics is certainly well-deserved," remarked Professor Qiu. "The advancement of AI is the result of collective contributions from numerous scientists across different fields. Awarding the two professors can be seen as a recognition of AI's achievements and an affirmation of its crucial role in the socio-economic development of human society."

Professor Qiu and his team's pioneering HDR tone mapping algorithm, based on optimisation-based computational approaches, has surpassed traditional heuristic techniques and won the Best Paper Award at the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. An HDR digital photography editing software developed from their research achievements won an international silver award, and the related products now have hundreds of millions of users worldwide. Their research and its applications were also featured on a BBC's flagship technology programme.

Published on 14 October 2024